Effects of phenylenediamines and alkoxysilanes on gas transport properties of polyimide - silica hybrid membranes

Gas transport properties of polyimides (PIs) and their silica hybrids were investigated. The PIs synthesized with several methyl-substituted phenylenediamines were hybridized with silica via a sol–gel process with different alkoxysilanes. The prepared hybrid membranes showed controlled gas permselectivity, depending on the selected phenylenediamines and alkoxysilanes. It was worth noting that the hybrids prepared with tetraethoxysilane possessed improved CO₂ permselectivity with increasing silica content, which tended to exceed the upper-bound trade-off line. This fact suggested the additional formation of free volume holes especially favorable for the CO₂/CH₄ separation around the polymer/silica interfacial area.     

Introducing four different branch structures in PET by reactive processing––A rheological investigation

Chain extension/branching by reactive processing is a well-known method to enhance the rheological properties of polymers. In this study, pyromellitic dianhydride, poly(glycolic acid), triglycidyl isocyanurate, and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether were used as chain extender/branching agents to produce branched Polyethylene terephthalate (PETs) with four different molecular structures. According to the linear rheological characterizations, the storage modulus and complex viscosity of modified PET samples enhanced significantly after branching. The shear viscosities of modified PET show a pronounced shear-thinning behavior and a remarkable increase at low frequencies, which can be an indication of the existence of long-chain branches (LCBs) in the molecular structure of polymer and broadening the molecular weight distribution. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were used to investigate the effect of branching agents on the chemical structure and thermal properties of PET, respectively. DSC results show that higher amounts of LCBs lead to lower melting and crystallization temperatures.     

Sparse non-convex Lp regularization for cone-beam X-ray luminescence computed tomography

Cone-beam X-ray luminescence computed tomography (CB-XLCT) is an attractive hybrid imaging modality, and it has the potential of monitoring the metabolic processes of nanophosphors-based drugs in vivo. However, the XLCT imaging suffers from a severe ill-posed problem. In this work, a sparse nonconvex L_p (0?p?L₁ regularization. Further, an iteratively reweighted split augmented lagrangian shrinkage algorithm (IRW_SALSA-L_p) was proposed to efficiently solve the non-convex L_p (0?p?p-values (1/16, 1/8, 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 5/8, 3/4, 7/8) in both 3D digital mouse experiments and in vivo experiments. The results demonstrate that the proposed non-convex methods outperform L₂ and L₁ regularization in accurately recovering sparse targets in CB-XLCT. And among all the non-convex p-values, our L_p(1/4?p?相似文献   

负压差对固体进料系统压力分布和气固两相流动规律的影响

A series of experiments on a solid feed system was performed to investigate the effects of negative pressure gradient on the gas-solid flow pattern and hydrodynamic characteristics. Based on the non-fluidized gas-solid two phase flow and particulate mechanics in the standpipe, a method for predicting the pressure of the air passing through the recycle chamber and the pressure drop through the loop seal slit in these systems is also presented. The predicted pressure profile along the negative pressure gradient from the proposed model exhibits a good agreement with the experimental data. The experimental data show that the gas flow in the standpipe is always upward in the negative pressure gradients, while the direction of gas cannot be changed by the drag force. The solid flow rate, the materiel bed height in the recycle chamber (Hf), the pressure drop across the slit (△Pg） decrease with an increasing negative pressure gradient. At a given negative pressure gradient, the superficial gas velocity through the recycle chamber of the loop seal does not affect the pressure drop in standpipe. It increases with an increasing negative pressure gradient.     

谈陶瓷装饰中的婴戏纹饰与西方艺术品中的儿童形象

婴戏纹饰即描绘儿童游戏时的画作,是中国人物画的一种,更是陶瓷装饰中常见的传统题材。其主要以儿童为主要绘画对象,表现儿童纯真,或借以其他物象,组成吉祥图案,在我国陶瓷绘画上广泛运用,有着深刻的社会形态特征和思想文化的背景。其始于唐代,兴盛于宋金,明清两朝日臻成熟,并延续至今。在西方艺术史当中,儿童形象大都通过神话人物或宗教相关的艺术品走进人们视野,用以表现某些宗教思想或精神诉求。本文主要探讨陶瓷婴戏纹饰在我国历史发展历程中的演变概况,以及笔者对我国陶瓷婴戏纹饰和西方艺术品中儿童形象横向对比下的一些思考。     

叠合盆地凸起区多期复杂断裂特征及形成机制——以准噶尔盆地车排子凸起为例

以高精度三维地震资料为基础,结合构造演化恢复和区域构造背景,系统研究了准噶尔盆地车排子凸起断裂分布和形成机制。结果表明,车排子凸起发育深部和浅部2套断裂体系,深部断裂体系和浅部断裂体系分别发育3种断裂样式。车排子凸起共经历5个构造演化阶段,其中,晚二叠世挤压-逆冲控制了深部断裂体系的初始形成,晚侏罗世逆冲-走滑控制了深部断裂体系的最终定型,新近纪叠加掀斜、局部伸展控制了浅部断裂体系的形成。不同断裂体系在油气成藏过程中均起到了重要作用。其中:深部断裂体系的红车断裂是重要的油源断裂,低序级断层控制形成了石炭系火山岩优质储集体;浅部断裂体系使得油气向浅部层系运移调整,同时形成了断块圈闭、断鼻圈闭和断层-岩性圈闭等丰富的圈闭类型。     

Synthesizing a uniformly spaced array pattern using integral operator for removing progressive phase shift

In this article, an analytical technique is introduced to obtain the excitation coefficients of uniformly spaced linear antenna arrays in order to achieve a desired array factor. By integration of the prescribed array factor, the array factor dependency to the progressive phase shift is eliminated. A new system of linear equations is consequently obtained whose solution represents the excitation coefficients of the array. Some examples are presented to verify the accuracy of the introduced method. The performance of this strategy is compared with those obtained by the other well‐known techniques such as Woodward‐Lawson and Fourier transform. It is shown that the presented method estimates the desired array pattern with a very good precision.     

基于高光谱图像的改进SIFT特征提取与匹配

针对尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)算法所提取图像特征点数量少、误匹率高的问题,提出了一种基于高光谱图像的改进SIFT算法。首先,依据传统SIFT算法中高斯金字塔的构造思想,结合在不同波段下的高光谱图像具有相同宏观特征的特点,首次用高光谱图像作为原始算法中经高斯变换产生的图像,使得检测到的具有实际意义的特征点数量大幅增加;其次,传统SIFT算法以及大量的改进方法都只通过目标象元邻域范围内的像素信息来构造特征描述符,而忽略了像素点的位置信息,文中将目标象元的位置信息纳入了特征描述符,在特征描述符的匹配阶段,在利用邻域范围内的像素信息进行粗匹配之后,利用特征描述符中的位置信息进行精细匹配。仿真实验结果表明在限定最优值与次优值之比的情况下,采用高光谱图像构造高斯金字塔的方式能显著增加特征点的提取数量,更多地挖掘出图像中的极值点;在特征描述符中加入目标象元的位置信息作为特征点匹配第二阶段的判断依据,正确匹配数量达到原方法的59倍以上,极大提升了算法的匹配性能。     

Digital Extraction Column: Measurement and Modeling Techniques

The digitization of extraction columns requires a profound knowledge of the present hydrodynamics/mass transport interaction as well as appropriate measurement techniques for the detection of relevant input and target values. In this article, the different techniques for droplet size distribution as well as concentration determination are presented and new methods for online evaluation are discussed. In combination with the simulation of droplet size, holdup and solute concentration distribution, an online-capable process tool for controlling and optimizing extraction columns will be obtained.     

Amine-impregnated natural zeolite as filler in mixed matrix membranes for CO2/CH4 separation

Flat mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) comprising polysulfone and clinoptilolite-type natural zeolite were prepared by casting. Zeolite was modified with three alkylamines: ethanolamine (EA), bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (BHPA), and polyethylenimine (PEI) by the impregnation method. Impregnated zeolite samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and N₂ adsorption–desorption. The alkylamine loading extent determined by thermogravimetric analysis was 5.2, 4.8, and 8.5% for EA, BHPA, and PEI, respectively. Analyses of MMMs showed that the incorporation of impregnated zeolite affected the glass-transition temperature (T_g) and mixed-gas transport properties. In this regard, a decreasing trend of the T_g values from 185.5 °C for the polymeric membrane up to 176.6 °C for Clino-EA-based MMM was recorded. In addition, the gas separation performance was evaluated at two different feed pressures. At 50 psi, MMMs showed an enhancement up to 30% on the CO₂ permeability (22.79 Barrer) and 55% on the CO₂/CH₄ selectivity (45.78) in comparison with the polymeric membrane (CO₂ permeability 17.34 Barrer; CO₂/CH₄ selectivity 29.38). These values varied depending on the alkylamine, BHPA being the most selective. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48286.